El efecto del entrenamiento grupal en asertividad sexual sobre la asertividad sexual de las alumnas: Un estudio cuasi-experimental / The Effect of Group sexual assertiveness training on Sexual assertiveness of Female Students: A quasi-experimental study

Sexual relation is a very important part of the marital relationship. Any problem in the marital relationship affects the family and society cohesion. This study aim to determine the effect of Group sexual assertiveness training on Sexual assertiveness of Female Students. This quasi-experimental pre and posttest study was conducted on 80 married female students of Sistan and Baluchestan University (southeast of Iran), from 1 July 2018 to 30 March 2019.Students were selected and randomly allocated in the two intervention and control groups. The intervention group received group sexual assertiveness training in the 4 two-hourly sessions over a period of two weeks. The control group did not receive any training. The data were collected before and 12 weeks after the intervention by Hurlbert's sexual assertiveness questionnaire, and then were analyzed. After the implementation of group sexual assertiveness training, the mean score of sexual assertiveness significantly increased in the intervention group compared to the control group (p=0.01). It is recommended to add sexual assertive training to the pre-marriage education, especially in cultures in which women have a low level of sexual assertiveness

Los programas educativos para parejas y matrimonios: una nueva propuesta clínica para Chile / Educational programs for couples and marriages: a new clinical proposal to Chile

La educación dirigida a parejas y matrimonios tiene un amplio desarrollo en el mundo y en varios países se encuentra incorporada como parte de las políticas públicas preventivas de la discordia, ruptura y establecimiento de relaciones de parejas saludables y comprometidas. Iniciativas que originalmente fueron promovidas por grupos religiosos, hoy constituyen una alternativa preventiva y de promoción de relaciones saludables, basada en los avances de las investigaciones psicológicas y evaluadas en forma rigurosa. El artículo tiene por objetivo: (a) dar a conocer la lógica que fundamenta las intervenciones preventivas (b) dar a conocer las iniciativas en educación para parejas y matrimonios en otros países (c) sistematizar los hallazgos acerca de su efectividad (d) argumentar las razones por las cuales sería provechoso incorporarlas en el país.

Education aimed at couples and marriage has a broad development in the world and in several countries has been incorporated into adult educational programs as part of preventive public policies of disharmony, rupture and relationship healthy couples. Initiatives that were originally promoted by religious groups today are a preventive alternative to promote healthy relationships, based on advances in psychological research and rigorously evaluated. The paper presents (a) to present the logic behind preventive interventions (b) make known the initiatives in education for couples and families in other countries (c) systematize the findings about their effectiveness (d) discuss the reasons which would be useful for incorporation into the country.

Basic life support skills: assessment and education of spouse and first degree relatives of patients with coronary disease

To assess the knowledge of basic cardiac life support [BCLS] before and after the institution of training among first degree relatives and spouses of patients with coronary disease. Quasi-experimental study. National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi, from April 2007 to May 2008. A total of 300 relatives of patients with coronary heart disease undertook a one day CPR course. Questionnaire assessing knowledge of CPR was administered before and after the course. Patients were studied in groups of 10-20 at a time. Proportion of correct knowledge was compared using chi-square test with significance at p < 0.05. Mean age of participants was 31.08 +/- 10.53 years. Two hundred and twenty [73.34%] were males. On the average of all 31 questions, 37.09% of participants had correct responses before the training and 68.16% after the training of BCLS [p < 0.001]. There was statistically significant improvement across all age groups, gender and educational levels [p < 0.01]. There was significant improvement in relatives' knowledge of BCLS after training. Different age groups, both genders and all educational groups shoed equal learning abilities

Risk behaviors and life skills towards sexually transmitted and blood-borne infections among Thai married couples.

OBJECTIVE: A cross-sectional study of 706 couples or 1,412 individuals with age 15-44 years was carried out to assess risk behaviors, life skill level, and its relationship, and to investigate HBV seromarkers, anti-HCV, and anti-HIV among individuals who voluntarily participated in blood screening. MATERIAL AND METHOD: All studied participants who voluntarily participated and signed consents were interviewed about risk behaviors and life skills. Only 166 individuals voluntarily participated in blood screening for HBVseromarkers, anti-HCV, and anti-HIV RESULTS: The results revealed that, of 1,412 individuals, 15.30% had a history of regular alcohol consumption, 11.26% had tattoos, 5.10% had a history of extramarital sex without using condoms, and 2.83% had a history of sex services. Males had significantly higher risk behavior scores than females, p < 0.0001. For life skills, 78.71% of the participants had the middle level of life skill scores. Males had relatively lower life skill scores than females, but it was not significant. The relationship between the levels of risk behavior scores and life skill scores showed significant association, p < 0.0001. Results from blood screening showed 31.33% ofHB V seromarker positive, 6.63% ofHBsAg positive, 1.21% ofanti-HCV positive, and 1.21% ofanti-HIV positive. CONCLUSION: The present study showed the significant association between the levels of life skill scores and the levels of risk behavior scores. The participants who had higher level of life skill scores had lower level of risk behavior scores.

Aspectos sócio-econômicos do parceiro da gestante adolescente / Social-economic aspects of the partner of the pregnant teenager

Objetivo: identificar características sócio-demográficas do parceiro da gestante adolescente e verificar como se estabeleceu o relacionamento do casal. Métodos: participaram deste estudo 309 gestantes com idade até 19 anos que consultaram no Ambulatório de Gestação na Adolescência do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. Foi aplicado questionário abordando antecedentes ginecológicos, dados sobre o comportamento sexual da paciente, sobre seu primeiro parceiro e o atual, a forma como se estabeleceu o relacionamento que deu origem à gestação e a intencionalidade em gestar. Resultados: a idade média dos parceiros foi 20 anos, e 4 anos a diferença de idade entre a paciente e seu companheiro. Somente metade dos parceiros era adolescente. A maioria dos parceiros (55,7%) tinha escolaridade entre a 5ª e a 8ª séries do ensino primário; 25,2% permaneciam estudando e 71,2% trabalhavam. Dos casais, 25,2% conheceram-se na vizinhança. Houve relato de parceiros com Doenças Sexualmente Transmissíveis (DSTs) em 2,9% e usuários de drogas ilícitas em 30,4 % do total de entrevistas. Das pacientes, 58,2% relataram mais de 1 ano de namoro com o parceiro atual, com 28,2% do total da amostra referindo mais de 2 anos até a ocorrência da gestação. Conclusões: de modo geral os parceiros são mais velhos que as gestantes adolescentes, já estão inseridos no mercado de trabalho e possuem baixa escolaridade. Observou-se um número expressivo de relações de longo prazo

Objectives: to examine the characteristics of the relationships that originate teenage pregnancy. Methods: 309 pregnant teenagers participated in this study (with ages up to 19 years old); they attended the Ambulatório de Gestação na Adolescência do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. A questionnaire was used approaching data on gynecological history and sexual behavior, about her first and the current partner, the way the relationship was established and about intention on pregnancy. Results: the mean age of partners was 20 years and the age difference between the couple was 4 years. Only half of the partners were teenagers. Most partners (55.7%) had among the 5th and 8th grades of school; 25.2% were still in school and 71.2% were in the job market. Of the couples, 25.2% met for the first time in their own neighbourhood. There was information on partners with Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) in 2.9% and illicit drug use in 30.4 % of all interviews. Of the patients, 58.2% mentioned more than 1 year of dating and 28.2% of the sample were together for more than 2 years until the pregnancy occurred. Conclusion: in a general manner, the partners were older than the pregnant teenagers, were already in the job market and had low schooling. Also an expressive number of long term relationships was observed

Socioeconomic differences in housewife's ability to take nutrritional care

To explore socio-economic differences in 'Nutritional Care Potential' [NCP] of housewives belonging to three distinctively different income groups living in urban areas of Karachi. Data was collected from families living in small, medium and large sized houses located in the authorized urban residential areas of Karachi. A total of 180 housewives [60 each for low, middle and high income groups] were interviewed. Trained data collectors visited the households, interviewed the housewives about family's socio-demographic characteristics and their own nutritional knowledge, health locus of control and decision making. The total NCP scores increased with income level [Low = 14.8+5.6; Middle 16.58+5.5; High = 17.28+5.3] but the difference was statistically significant only between low and high income groups [t-test P = 0.015]. The mean nutrition knowledge score of low income group was lower [mean score = 11.7+4.1] and significantly different from both middle [mean score = 13.5+3.4 t-text P = 0.013] and high income group [mean score = 14.2+4.0, t-test P = 0.001]. All the three income groups had firmer belief in internal health locus of control [mean score less than one out of a total of 4]. Though, the mean score was highest for the high income group and lowest for the middle income group but the difference were not statistically significant. There were no marked differences in decision making power of the three groups. The results of this study document socioeconomic difference in nutrition care potential. Though nutrition care potential of housewives was not found to be commendable at any income level, the fact that it is low at lower income levels indicates that poor nutritional status at lower income level is not because of income only

Experience of Gastric Cancer Survivors and their Spouses in Korea: Secondary Analysis / 간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of gastric cancer couples in Korea and to generate a substantive theory integrating the experiences of gastric cancer survivors and their spouses as a whole. The specific aims of this study were to explore major problems gastric cancer couples faced and how they resolved these problems, focusing on inter-relational dynamics within the couples and on similarities and differences between the couples. METHODS: This was a secondary analysis study using grounded theory techniques. The study used the data of 11 married couples which was collected from in-depth interviews from two primary studies. The unit of analysis was dyads of gastric cancer survivors and their spouses. RESULT: The basic social psychological process that emerged from the analysis was "taking charge of their health." Major categories involved in this process were identified as 1) adjusting to new diets, 2) reinforcing physical strength, 3) seeking information, 4) strengthening Ki, 5) lowering life-expectations, and 6) going their separate ways. These six categories represent major strategies in overcoming critical problems that occurred in day-to-day experiences. In terms of the process, the first five categories characterize the earlier stage of the process of "taking charge of their health," while "going their separate ways" indicates the later stage and also the beginning of their separate ways: "pursuing spiritual life" for the survivors, and "preparing for the future" for the spouses. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study will help design family care for the people with gastric cancer by providing in-depth understanding and insight on the lives of gastric cancer couples.

Factors determining the occurrence of unwanted pregnancies.

BACKGROUND: We aimed to identify the factors involved in the occurrence of unwanted pregnancy in women seeking medical termination of pregnancy, and to describe their contraceptive practices. METHODS: A descriptive interview-based study of 402 women seeking abortion was done. Information was gathered regarding demographic variables, contraceptive practices and reasons for the unwanted pregnancy. RESULTS: All the women in our sample were married and multiparous. The husband's unwillingness for contraception and the improper use of condoms was responsible for one-third of all unwanted pregnancies. Lactation was believed to be a protection against pregnancy by 11.3% of women while 6.3% were unaware of any contraceptive method. CONCLUSION: We believe that focusing on these areas in public health programmes will help to decrease the number of unwanted pregnancies.